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Kate Raworth is a Senior Associate at Oxford University's Environmental Change Institute and a Professor of Practice at Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences. In her book from 2017 she attempts to lead us to a sustainable economy in seven steps.

The book's premise is that economic growth is not the answer to all our questions. Instead, we need to get and stay between two rings. The inner ring is our social foundation (sufficient food, health care, education, etc.) and the outer ring is the ecological ceiling (no acidification of the ocean, no chemical pollution, etc.). Together they form the ends of a doughnut in which we can live wonderfully. Once we've drawn the doughnut and established our newfound goals, one question remains: How do we get there? Raworth makes a start, but doesn’t get to a final answer.

Firstly, Raworths stresses that to change the economy, economists should change their frameworks: “Economics is the mother tongue of public policy, the language of public life, and the mindset that shapes society.”

Raworth argues that to really understand our economy we need to look beyond markets and economic growth. For example, a lot of (unmeasured) value is created within households and economic growth can be of high or low quality.

A good system maintains a balance between efficiency and resilience. It is efficient to flow resources between larger nodes, for example to centralize production. A system is resilient when there are sufficient alternative connections and options in the event of major shocks or changes.

Instead of seeing companies as objects owned by shareholders, we could see companies as living systems. In the second case, it makes sense to give employees and other stakeholders more influence within a company.

Raworth believes we should be agnostic when it comes to economic growth, it may not be wise to strive for growth forever.